Optimize HashMapPalette (#5074)

HashMapPalette uses an instance of CrudeIncrementalIntIdentityHashBiMap
internally. A Palette has a preset maximum size = 1 << bits.
CrudeIncrementalIntIdentityHashBiMap has an initial size but is
automatically resized. The CrudeIncrementalIntIdentityHashBiMap is created
with the maximum size in the constructor of HashMapPalette, with the aim
that it doesn't need to be resized anymore. However, there are two things
that I think Mojang hasn't considered here:
1) The CrudeIncrementalIntIdentityHashBiMap is resized, when its initial
size is reached and not the next time, when a further object is added.
2) HashMapPalette adds objects (unnecessarily) before checking if the
initial size of CrudeIncrementalIntIdentityHashBiMap is reached.
This means to actually avoid resize operations in
CrudeIncrementalIntIdentityHashBiMap, one has to add 2 to the initial size
or add 1 and check the size before adding objects. This commit implements
the second approach. Note that this isn't only an optimization but also
makes async reads of Palettes fail-safe. An async read while the
CrudeIncrementalIntIdentityHashBiMap is resized is fatal and can even lead
to corrupted data. This is also something that Anti-Xray is currently
relying on.

patches/server/0823-Optimize-HashMapPalette.patch

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+From 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
+From: stonar96 <minecraft.stonar96@gmail.com>
+Date: Sun, 17 Jan 2021 01:11:36 +0100
+Subject: [PATCH] Optimize HashMapPalette
+
+HashMapPalette uses an instance of CrudeIncrementalIntIdentityHashBiMap
+internally. A Palette has a preset maximum size = 1 << bits.
+CrudeIncrementalIntIdentityHashBiMap has an initial size but is
+automatically resized. The CrudeIncrementalIntIdentityHashBiMap is created
+with the maximum size in the constructor of HashMapPalette, with the aim
+that it doesn't need to be resized anymore. However, there are two things
+that I think Mojang hasn't considered here:
+1) The CrudeIncrementalIntIdentityHashBiMap is resized, when its initial
+size is reached and not the next time, when a further object is added.
+2) HashMapPalette adds objects (unnecessarily) before checking if the
+initial size of CrudeIncrementalIntIdentityHashBiMap is reached.
+This means to actually avoid resize operations in
+CrudeIncrementalIntIdentityHashBiMap, one has to add 2 to the initial size
+or add 1 and check the size before adding objects. This commit implements
+the second approach. Note that this isn't only an optimization but also
+makes async reads of Palettes fail-safe. An async read while the
+CrudeIncrementalIntIdentityHashBiMap is resized is fatal and can even lead
+to corrupted data. This is also something that Anti-Xray is currently
+relying on.
+
+diff --git a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/level/chunk/HashMapPalette.java b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/level/chunk/HashMapPalette.java
+index 0dfba8a941a6bc91af523e39055311be2364821c..1e5c7c888364bd026530353ec17c4a87c90ad1de 100644
+--- a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/level/chunk/HashMapPalette.java
++++ b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/level/chunk/HashMapPalette.java
+@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ public class HashMapPalette<T> implements Palette<T> {
+     }
+ 
+     public HashMapPalette(IdMap<T> idList, int indexBits, PaletteResize<T> listener) {
+-        this(idList, indexBits, listener, CrudeIncrementalIntIdentityHashBiMap.create(1 << indexBits));
++        this(idList, indexBits, listener, CrudeIncrementalIntIdentityHashBiMap.create((1 << indexBits) + 1)); // Paper - Avoid unnecessary resize operation in CrudeIncrementalIntIdentityHashBiMap
+     }
+ 
+     private HashMapPalette(IdMap<T> idMap, int i, PaletteResize<T> paletteResize, CrudeIncrementalIntIdentityHashBiMap<T> crudeIncrementalIntIdentityHashBiMap) {
+@@ -37,10 +37,16 @@ public class HashMapPalette<T> implements Palette<T> {
+     public int idFor(T object) {
+         int i = this.values.getId(object);
+         if (i == -1) {
+-            i = this.values.add(object);
+-            if (i >= 1 << this.bits) {
++            // Paper start - Avoid unnecessary resize operation in CrudeIncrementalIntIdentityHashBiMap and optimize
++            // We use size() instead of the result from add(K)
++            // This avoids adding another object unnecessarily
++            // Without this change, + 2 would be required in the constructor
++            if (this.values.size() >= 1 << this.bits) {
+                 i = this.resizeHandler.onResize(this.bits + 1, object);
++            } else {
++                i = this.values.add(object);
+             }
++            // Paper end
+         }
+ 
+         return i;